Computes the temperatures at contact surfaces between the layers of a spherical non-homogeneous wall.

Contents

Interface Function Documentation Page Comments

Interface

#include <codecogs/engineering/heat_transfer/conduction/nhm_sphere.h>

using namespace Engineering::Heat_Transfer::Conduction;

std::vector<double>

nhm_sphere (int n, double t1, double t2, double *d, double *lambda) Computes the temperatures at contact surfaces between the layers of a spherical non-homogeneous wall.

Function Documentation

For a spherical non-homogeneous wall, formed by n layers of various diameters and thermal conductivities the total conductive heat flow is unidirectional and is given by the following formula:

where is the internal diameter of the spherical wall.

It is assumed that the i-th layer has constant thermal conductivity at any of its points.

The temperature at the contact surface between layer and layer will be denoted by , for any value of between 1 and . The value of these temperatures are obtained by considering the following equality relation between the total conductive heat flows which pass through each layer and the value of given above:

where:

Hence we obtain the following formula:

In the diagram below you may notice the temperatures which decrease while the heat flow passes through layers of increasing diameters and various thermal conductivities.

Example 1:

#include <codecogs/engineering/heat_transfer/conduction/nhm_sphere.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
int main()
{
  // input data
  int n = 4;
  double t1 = 75.0, t2 = 20.0,
  d[5] = {0.1, 0.15, 0.2,  0.25, 0.35},
  lambda[4] = {0.75, 0.95, 1.2,  1.0};
 
  // display the various input data
  printf("Input values:\n\n");
  printf(" n = %d\nt1 = %.2lf\nt2 = %.2lf\n\n", n, t1, t2);
  printf("diameters:\n(");
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    printf("%.2lf, ", d[i]);
  printf("%.2lf)\n\n", d[n]);
  printf("lambda:\n(");
  for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
    printf("%.2lf, ", lambda[i]);
  printf("%.2lf)\n\n", lambda[n - 1]);
 
  // compute the temperatures at the contact surfaces between all layers
  std::vector<double> result = 
  Engineering::Heat_Transfer::Conduction::nhm_sphere
  (4, t1, t2, d, lambda);
 
  // display the results
  printf("\nThe temperatures at contact surfaces between layers are:\n\n");
  printf("(");
  for (i = 0; i < result.size() - 1; i++)
    printf("%.5lf, ", result[i]);
  printf("%.5lf)\n\n", result[result.size() - 1]);
 
  return 0;
}

Output:

Input values:
 
 n = 4
t1 = 75.00
t2 = 20.00
 
diameters:
(0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.35)
 
lambda:
(0.75, 0.95, 1.20, 1.00)
 
 
The temperatures at contact surfaces between layers are:
 
(45.09862, 33.29544, 27.68893)

Note:

The inequality must always hold when passing values to the function. Also the diameters array must be given in increasing order, thus:

(5)

References:

Dan Stefanescu, Mircea Marinescu - "Termotehnica"

Parameters:

n	the number of layers
t1	the temperature of the heat flow at the entry surface (degrees Celsius)
t2	the temperature of the heat flow at the exit surface (degrees Celsius)
d	an array with the diameters of the layers (meters)
lambda	an array with the thermal conductivities of the layers (Watts per meter Celsius)

Returns:

A vector containing the temperatures at the contact surfaces between all layers (degrees Celsius).

Authors:

Grigore Bentea, Lucian Bentea (October 2006)