nozzle — Imperial

Computes the rate of flow of a fluid through a nozzle or orifice.

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Interface

#include <codecogs/engineering/fluids/imperial/nozzle.h>

using namespace Engineering::Fluids::Imperial;

inline double nozzle(double discharge, double area, double head_loss, bool approach_velocity = false, double diameter0 = 0, double diameter1 = 1)

By neglecting the velocity of approach, the rate of flow $q$ of a fluid through a nozzle or orifice is expressed by the following formula:

$$q = C_d A \sqrt{2 g h_L}$$

(1)

where $C_d$ is the discharge coefficient of the orifice/nozzle, $A$ is the cross sectional area, $h_L$ is the loss of static pressure head due to fluid flow and $g$ is the acceleration of gravity, 32.2 ft/s².

Taking velocity of approach into account, a correcting factor will be included in the previous equation:

$$q = C A \sqrt{2 g h_L}$$

(2)

where $C$ is the flow coefficient given by:

$$C = \frac{C_d}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\frac{d_0}{d_1}\right)^4}}.$$

(3)

The variables $d_0$ and $d_1$ are the two corresponding internal diameters.

Example 1

#include <stdio.h>
#include <codecogs/engineering/fluids/imperial/nozzle.h>

int main()
{
  double 
  flow1 = Engineering::Fluids::Imperial::nozzle
  (0.377, 0.6, 1.23),
  flow2 = Engineering::Fluids::Imperial::nozzle
  (0.38, 0.5, 0.1, true, 0.3, 0.9);
  printf("Flow through nozzle 1 = %.12lf ft^3/s\n", flow1);
  printf("Flow through nozzle 2 = %.12lf ft^3/s\n", flow2);

  return 0;
}

Output

Flow through nozzle 1 = 2.013205415570 ft^3/s
Flow through nozzle 2 = 0.485170124802 ft^3/s

Parameters

discharge

the discharge coefficient

area

cross sectional area of pipe or orifice (ft²)

head_loss

loss of static pressure head due to fluid flow (ft)

approach_velocity

Default value = false

diameter0

Default value = 0

diameter1

Default value = 1

Returns

The rate of flow through the nozzle or orifice (ft³/s).

References

The Engineering Division, Crane Co., "Flow of fluids through valves, fittings, and pipe", Chicago, 1957

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