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# partition

Changes the order of the elements so that elements that match a criterion are at the front
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### Key Facts

Gyroscopic Couple: The rate of change of angular momentum () = (In the limit).
• = Moment of Inertia.
• = Angular velocity
• = Angular velocity of precession.

Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic philosopher.

Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist.

## Definition

The partition() algorithm is defined in the standard header <algorithm> and in the nonstandard backward-compatibility header <algo.h>.

## Interface

#include <algorithm>
template < class BidirectionalIterator, class Predicate >
BidirectionalIterator partition(
BidirectionalIterator first,
BidirectionalIterator last,
Predicate comp
);

Parameters:
Parameter Description
first A bidirectional iterator addressing the position of the first element in the range to be partitioned
last A bidirectional iterator addressing the position one past the final element in the range to be partitioned
comp User-defined predicate function object that defines the condition to be satisfied if an element is to be classified. A predicate takes a single argument and returns true or false

## Description

Partition function cuts a range in two parts : all elements in the first part satisfy a predicate and elements in the second part doesn't.

After a call to partition, relative order between elements may be changed.

## Return Value

Returns the fi rst element that doesn't satisfy the predicate.

## Complexity

The complexity is linear; performs last - first applications of pred and at most (last - first)/2 swaps.

### References

Example:
##### Example - partition algorithm
Problem
This program illustrates the use of the STL partition() algorithm to partition the integer values in a vector of integers into two groups: those that are divisible by 3, and those that are not.
Workings
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

/* Determines if an integer is divisible by 3.
n contains an integer
Returns true if n is divisible by 3, and otherwise false. */
bool isDivisibleByThree
(
int n //in
)
{
return (n%3 == 0);
}

int main()
{
int a[] ={11, 7, 9, 4, 8, 12, 2, 5, 3, 10, 1, 6};
vector<int> v(a, a+12);
cout <<"\nHere are the contents of the vector:\n";
for (vector<int>::size_type i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
cout <<v.at(i)<<" ";

vector<int>::iterator p = partition(v.begin(), v.end(),
isDivisibleByThree);
cout <<"\nAnd here are the contents of the partitioned vector:\n";
for (vector<int>::size_type i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
cout <<v.at(i)<<" ";

cout <<"\nThe iterator p returned by the algorithm points to ";
if (p == v.end())
cout <<"\nthe end of the ouput container.";
else
cout <<"the value "<<*p<<".";

return 0;
}
Solution
Output:

Here are the contents of the vector:
11 7 9 4 8 12 2 5 3 10 1 6

And here are the contents of the partitioned vector:
6 3 9 12 8 4 2 5 7 10 1 11

The iterator p returned by the algorithm points to the value 8.
References