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# rotate

Rotates the order of the elements
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### Key Facts

Gyroscopic Couple: The rate of change of angular momentum () = (In the limit).
• = Moment of Inertia.
• = Angular velocity
• = Angular velocity of precession.

Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic philosopher.

Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist.

## Definition

The rotate() algorithm is defined in the standard header <algorithm> and in the nonstandard backward-compatibility header <algo.h>.

## Interface

#include <algorithm>
template < class ForwardIterator >
void rotate(
ForwardIterator first,
ForwardIterator middle,
ForwardIterator last
);

Parameters
Parameter Description
first A forward iterator addressing the position of the first element in the range to be rotated
middle A forward iterator defining the boundary within the range that addresses the position of the first element in the second part of the range whose elements are to be exchanged with those in the first part of the range
last A forward iterator addressing the position one past the final element in the range to be rotated

## Description

Rotate function rotates a sequence. It means the sequence will start at the element in the middle of the source sequence and the last element will be followed by the fi rst (it appends the element between the first and the middle element to the elements between the middle and the last element).

None.

## Complexity

The complexity is linear; performs at most last - first swaps.

### References

Example:
##### Example - rotate algorithm
Problem
This program illustrates the use of the STL rotate() algorithm to rotate the order of all, or just some, of the values in a vector of integers.
Workings
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
int a[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
vector<int> v(a, a+10);

cout <<"\nHere are the contents of the vector:\n";
for (vector<int>::size_type i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
cout <<v.at(i)<<" ";

cout <<"\nNow we rotate the order of all values in the vector "
"\nin so that the fourth value becomes the first value.";

rotate(v.begin(), v.begin()+3, v.end());

cout <<"\nHere are the revised contents of the vector:\n";
for (vector<int>::size_type i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
cout <<v.at(i)<<" ";

cout <<"\nNext we rotate the order of the 2nd to the 6th values "
"in the vector so that\nthe third value in that group of values "
"becomes the first value of the group.";

rotate(v.begin()+1, v.begin()+3, v.begin()+6);

cout <<"\nHere are the revised contents of the vector:\n";
for (vector<int>::size_type i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
cout <<v.at(i)<<" ";

return 0;
}
Solution
Output:

Here are the contents of the vector:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Now we rotate the order of all values in the vector
in so that the fourth value becomes the first value.

Here are the revised contents of the vector:
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3

Next we rotate the order of the 2nd to the 6th values in the vector so that
the third value in that group of values becomes the first value of the group.

Here are the revised contents of the vector:
4 7 8 9 5 6 10 1 2 3
References